8.6.12+International+Efforts

=Global warming=

(Kevin: Good job! Is there any information on the effectiveness of these efforts?)

8.6.12 Discuss international efforts to reduce the enhanced greenhouse effect.
__**Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)**__ -Established in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) -Hundreds of governmental scientific representatives from more than a hundred nations are involved -Representatives regularly analyze the latest evidence from international research on global warming and human induced climate change

Physics for the IB Diploma by Tim Kirk

__**Kyoto Protocol**__ -Amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change -Nations that sign this treaty agree to work towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions by a specific amount -Over 160 nations have ratified this protocol, but some industrialized nations such as the United States and Australia have yet to do so -Although India and China have ratified the protocol, they are not required to reduce their carbon emissions yet

Physics for the IB Diploma by Tim Kirk

__**Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate (APPCDC)**__ -Originally six nations (Australia, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, and United States) -These nations are responsible for using around 50% of the world's energy usage -Their goal: "to work together and with private sector partners to meet goals for energy security, national air pollution reduction, and climate change in ways that promote sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction" -Canada signed the protocol in 1998 but formal ratification occurred on 2002 making it the seventh member

Physics for the IB Diploma by Tim Kirk

http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/kyoto/timeline.html

__**Copenhagen Summit 2009**__ -The Kyoto Protocol ends in 2012 -The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) wished to renew the Kyoto Protocol -The Copenhagen Summit was a conference held in 2009 for governmental representatives from over 170 nations to meet one last time before the Kyoto Protocol was renewed -A new protocol was not made during the conference, instead, only an agreement named the Copenhagen Accord was decided upon

The key points in the Copenhagen Accord were:

"-To keep the maximum temperature rise to below 2°C -To list developed country emission reduction targets and mitigation action by developing countries for 2020 -$30 billion short-term funding for immediate action till 2012 -$100 billion annually by 2020 in long-term financing -Reiterating past intentions such as providing mechanisms to support technology transfer and forestry."

http://www.erantis.com/events/denmark/copenhagen/climate-conference-2009/index.htm

http://www.globalissues.org/article/784/cop15-copenhagen-climate-conference

http://www.inthenews.co.uk/news/world/protesters-arrested-at-copenhagen-summit-$1346650.htm